불소의 신경독성(뇌발달, IQ) 관련 2019년 11월 최신 논문

: 리뷰 저널

Environ Health. 2019 Dec 19;18(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12940-019-0551-x.

Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: an updated review.

불소의 신경독성 발현: 최신 리뷰

Grandjean P^1,2.

Author information

1

Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. pgrandjean@health.sdu.dk.

2

Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. pgrandjean@health.sdu.dk.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

After the discovery of fluoride as a caries-preventing agent in the mid-twentieth century, fluoridation of community water has become a widespread intervention, sometimes hailed as a mainstay of modern public health. However, this practice results in elevated fluoride intake and has become controversial for two reasons. First, topical fluoride application in the oral cavity appears to be a more direct and appropriate means of preventing caries. Second, systemic fluoride uptake is suspected of causing adverse effects, in particular neurotoxicity during early development. The latter is supported by experimental neurotoxicity findings and toxicokinetic evidence of fluoride passing into the brain.

전신적인 불소섭취가 부작용을 유발한다고 의심 받고 있으며 특히, 뇌 발달 초기의 신경독성에서 그렇다.

METHOD:

An integrated literature review was conducted on fluoride exposure and intellectual disability, with a main focus on studies on children published subsequent to a meta-analysis from 2012.

RESULTS:

Fourteen recent cross-sectional studies from endemic areas with naturally high fluoride concentrations in groundwater supported the previous findings of cognitive deficits in children with elevated fluoride exposures. Three recent prospective studies from Mexico and Canada with individual exposure data showed that early-life exposures were negatively associated with children's performance on cognitive tests. Neurotoxicity appeared to be dose-dependent, and tentative benchmark dose calculations suggest that safe exposures are likely to be below currently accepted or recommended fluoride concentrations in drinking water.

CONCLUSION:

The recent epidemiological results support the notion that elevated fluoride intake during early development can result in IQ deficits that may be considerable. Recognition of neurotoxic risks is necessary when determining the safety of fluoride-contaminated drinking water and fluoride uses for preventive dentistry purposes.

최근의 전염병학적 연구결과들을 종합하면 뇌 발달 초기의 높은 불소 섭취는 IQ를 낮추는 결과를 초래할 수 있다고 판단할 수 있다.  따라서 불소를 함유한 물이나 불소를 이용한 예방치료시 불소의 신경독성에 관한 안전에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

KEYWORDS:

Cognitive disorder; Dental caries; Drinking water; Fluoridation; Fluoride poisoning; Intellectual disability; Neurotoxic disorder; Prenatal exposure delayed effects