불소는 생태계를 오염시키는 환경오염물질인가? YES

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Oct 30;182:109362. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.045. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review.

아시아지역 지하수의 불소오염과 건강문제,  치료방법

Yadav KK¹, Kumar S², Pham QB³, Gupta N¹, Rezania S⁴, Kamyab H⁵, Yadav S⁶, Vymazal J⁷, Kumar V¹, Tri DQ⁸, Talaiekhozani A⁹, Prasad S², Reece LM¹⁰, Singh N¹¹, Maurya PK¹², Cho J⁴.

Author information

1

Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India.

2

Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.

3

Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

4

Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.

5

UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.

6

Department of Civil Engineering Rabindranath Tagore University Raisen, Madhya Prades, India.

7

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic.

8

Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: doanquangtri@tdtu.edu.vn.

9

Department of Civil Engineering, Jami Institute of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.

10

Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.

11

Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.

12

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangari Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.

Abstract

In low concentration, fluoride is considered a necessary compound for human health. Exposure to high concentrations of fluoride is the reason for a serious disease called fluorosis. Fluorosis is categorized as Skeletal and Dental fluorosis. Several Asian countries, such as India, face contamination of water resources with fluoride. In this study, a comprehensive overview on fluoride contamination in Asian water resources has been presented. Since water contamination with fluoride in India is higher than other Asian countries, a separate section was dedicated to review published articles on fluoride contamination in this country. The status of health effects in Asian countries was another topic that was reviewed in this study. The effects of fluoride on human organs/systems such as urinary, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, brain, and reproductive systems were another topic that was reviewed in this study. Different methods to remove fluoride from water such as reverse osmosis, electrocoagulation, nanofiltration, adsorption, ion-exchange and precipitation/coagulation were introduced in this study. Although several studies have been carried out on contamination of water resources with fluoride, the situation of water contamination with fluoride and newly developed technology to remove fluoride from water in Asian countries has not been reviewed. Therefore, this review is focused on these issues: 1) The status of fluoride contamination in Asian countries, 2) health effects of fluoride contamination in drinking water in Asia, and 3) the existing current technologies for defluoridation in Asia.

소량의 저농도 불소는 충치를 예방하는 효과가 있지만 불소를 장기간 과도하게 섭취할 경우 치아불소증, 골격불소증 뿐아니라 다양한 뇌, 신장, 간, 심혈관계질환, 갑상선등 전신질환을 일으키거나 또는 증상을 악화시킬 수 있다. 특히 마시는 물(음용수, 지하수등)의 불소가 중요하다.

그러나 불소의 부작용에 대한 아시아지역의 연구는 거의 전무하다. 따라서 이 논문은 1)아시아지역 국가들의 불소 오염 상태 2) 아시아지역의 마시는 물의 불소오염으로 인해 건강에 미치는 영향 3) 아시아지역의 비불소화를 위한 현재 가능한 기술들에 대해 살펴 본다.